Step-by-Step: The Ultimate Guide to Becoming a Hairdresser in the U.S.

If you’ve always had a passion for hair, fashion, and beauty, becoming a hairdresser might be the perfect career for you. It’s a rewarding profession that allows you to unleash your creativity, make people feel confident, and build lasting relationships with clients. But how do you actually become a professional hairdresser in the United States? In this blog post, we’ll break down the key steps involved in pursuing a career as a hairdresser, from education to licensing.

1. Understand the Requirements

Before diving into a cosmetology program, it’s important to understand the basic requirements for becoming a hairdresser in the U.S. These typically include:

  • Age: You must be at least 16 years old (though some states may require you to be older).
  • Education: You need to have completed your high school diploma or GED.

Once you meet these requirements, you're ready to start your training journey.

2. Enroll in a State-Approved Cosmetology Program

To become a licensed hairdresser, you’ll need formal education from a state-approved cosmetology school. These programs are specifically designed to give you the foundational skills you need to succeed in the field.

Here’s what you can expect from a typical cosmetology program:

  • Training Duration: Most programs take 9 months to 2 years to complete, depending on whether you attend full-time or part-time.

  • Curriculum: Cosmetology programs cover a wide range of topics, including:
  • Hair cutting, styling, and coloring techniques
  • Chemical treatments such as perms and relaxers
  • Sanitation and hygiene practices
  • Client communication and salon management

These programs will prepare you for both the practical and theoretical aspects of the profession, helping you build a strong foundation.

3. Complete the Required Training Hours

In addition to attending a cosmetology program, you must complete a certain number of training hours. The exact number of hours varies by state, but typically ranges from 1,000 to 2,300 hours. This is where the real hands-on learning happens, as you will practice the techniques you’ve learned in class on real clients, often under the supervision of licensed instructors.

Check with your state’s Board of Cosmetology for the specific number of hours required to ensure you meet the standards.

4. Pass the Licensing Exam

After completing your cosmetology program and training hours, it’s time to take the licensing exam. Each state has its own licensing requirements, but the exam usually consists of two parts:

  1. Written Exam: This tests your knowledge of hairdressing theory, including topics like health and safety, sanitation, anatomy, and hair treatment techniques.

  2. Practical Exam: During this portion, you’ll demonstrate your skills in real-world scenarios, such as cutting, styling, or coloring hair. You’ll need to show that you can complete the tasks safely and effectively.

Some states may also require an oral exam or additional coursework. Once you pass both parts of the exam, you’ll be eligible to receive your official cosmetology license.

5. Obtain Your Cosmetology License

After successfully passing the exam, you can apply for your state-issued cosmetology license. Be sure to check your state’s specific procedures and fees, as they can vary. Typically, you’ll need to submit proof of your education and exam results, along with the required application fee.

Once you have your license, you’re legally qualified to work as a professional hairdresser in your state. However, keep in mind that most states require you to renew your license every 1 to 3 years. This may involve completing continuing education courses and paying a renewal fee.

6. Gain Experience and Build Your Portfolio

While a license is essential, gaining real-world experience is equally important. Many new hairdressers start as assistants or apprentices in established salons to continue learning under the mentorship of experienced professionals.

You’ll also want to build a portfolio of your work to showcase your skills. Take high-quality before-and-after photos of your haircuts, color treatments, and styling work. A strong portfolio can help attract clients and potential employers, giving you a competitive edge.

7. Find a Job or Start Your Own Business

Once you’ve gained some experience, it’s time to start working as a full-fledged hairdresser. You can choose to work in a variety of settings:

  • Salons and Spas: Many hairdressers work in established salons or beauty spas, where they receive a salary or commission-based pay.

  • Freelance or Mobile Hairdressing: Some hairdressers choose to work independently, offering mobile services where they visit clients’ homes or rent a chair at a salon.

  • Own Your Own Salon: If you’re entrepreneurial, you may decide to open your own salon, giving you more control over your schedule and business.

Marketing yourself is also key to success in the hairdressing industry. Building an online presence on platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and even a personal website can help attract new clients and showcase your work.

8. Continue Education and Stay Updated

The beauty industry is constantly evolving, and so are the trends in hairdressing. To stay competitive and continue growing as a professional, it’s important to keep learning. Attend workshops, seminars, and advanced training programs to stay up-to-date on the latest techniques and trends.

You can also specialize in areas such as:

  • Hair coloring or extensions
  • Bridal hair and styling
  • Men’s grooming or barbering
  • Natural or curly hair care

Additionally, some states may require you to complete continuing education courses as part of your license renewal.

Final Thoughts

Becoming a hairdresser in the U.S. takes dedication, training, and a passion for creativity. By following the steps outlined above—completing a state-approved cosmetology program, obtaining your license, gaining experience, and continuing your education—you can launch a rewarding career in this dynamic and ever-evolving field.

Ready to start your journey as a hairdresser? Find a licensed cosmetology program near you and take the first step toward building the career of your dreams!